Gold was a prime motivation for the campaign in Dacia when the Romans invaded Transylvania in what is now modern Romania in the second century AD. The gold served as the primary medium of exchange within the empire, and was an important motive in the Roman invasion of Britain by Claudius in the first century AD, although there is only one known Roman gold mine at Dolaucothi in west Wales. Mining was under the control of the state but the mines may have been leased to civilian contractors some time later. Romans used hydraulic mining methods, such as hushing and ground sluicing on a large scale to extract gold from extensive alluvial (loose sediment) deposits, such as those at Las Medulas. īronze Age gold objects are plentiful, especially in Ireland and Spain, and there are several well known possible sources.
A group of German and Georgian archaeologists claims the Sakdrisi site in southern Georgia, dating to the 3rd or 4th millennium BC, may be the world's oldest known gold mine. The graves of the necropolis were built between 47 BC, indicating that gold mining could be at least 7000 years old. The exact date that humans first began to mine gold is unknown, but some of the oldest known gold artifacts were found in the Varna Necropolis in Bulgaria. Landscape of Las Médulas, Spain, the result of hydraulic mining on a vast scale by the Ancient Romans History A miner underground at Pumsaint gold mine, Wales c.
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